31 July 2007

Missouri River Pedestrian Bridge to Include Bird-Friendly Lighting Features

[Nighttime view of Omaha Pedestrian Bridge]

Depiction of lighting for the Omaha Pedestrian Bridge. Image Courtesy of the mayor's office, City of Omaha.

By James Ed. Ducey

The plan for lighting the Missouri River Pedestrian Bridge - currently under construction along the riverfront of Omaha and Council Bluffs - will incorporate several features to provide a "bird-friendly" design.

As the bridge lighting methods have been finalized in recent months, several changes were made in the multitude lighting system to reduce the potential impact of the bridge lights on migratory wild birds.

"The lighting approach has been altered to provide a more bird friendly approach, and has been accomplished without comprising pedestrian safety of the bridge's nighttime appearance," Larry Foster, administrator with the Omaha Parks and Recreation Department said in a letter to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) to address the agencies concerns regarding migratory bird safety. The department is responsible for the bridge construction and management.

"The city of Omaha was contacted through the Nebraska Department of Roads, to review suggestions made by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regarding bridge lighting approaches that would be bird friendly," Foster explained in an email. "At the time, the city was working to finalize the bridge lighting system to incorporate bird friendly elements without compromising the illumination need to insure pedestrian/bicyclist safety and provide the night-time 'signature' icon appearance" for the skyline along the river between Omaha and Council Bluffs.

"In addition to approaches provided by the Fish and Wildlife Service, Toronto's bird friendly designs were reviewed at the suggestion of a local bird watcher," Foster said. "After reviewing this document, it was clear Toronto has given the approach to bird friendly lighting considerable study, so recommendations in this document were therefore consulted as the lighting system was finalized."

Specific comments provided in response to FWS comments, in a mid-May, 2007 letter from the City of Omaha, include:

1) "Avoid the use of red or pulsating red beacon lights on the bridge pylons." Consultations with the Federal Aviation Authority and Omaha Airport Authority were required to successfully meet this stipulation.
2) "Use LED lights or low energy consumption lights for directional light to help minimize light pollution and bird attraction." A "low-energy fixture" will be used in the bridge deck lighting setup.
3) The initial lighting installation is expected to occur at a time other than the nesting season.
4) "Consider turning lights off during spring and fall bird migration periods. Limit lighting times." The decision on this "will be made following a period of bridge operation when pedestrian patterns and other issues, including the impact on birds, can be better analyzed," the letter said. The methods for this evaluation have not yet been determined.

After consulting the "Bird-Friendly Development Guidelines," the lighting of the cables "will be accomplished with lighting parallel to the stays, thereby reducing the amount of light directly upward."

A contribution of $300,000 from the Gallup Corporation was recently announced by the City of Omaha, and the funds accepted by the Omaha City Council. The funds will be used to provide additional light fixtures necessary to focus the light on the many bridge cables and the two pylons supporting the bridge structure.

The current lighting plan was revised from a preliminary strategy prepared by the FWS, APAC-Kansas and HTNB Corporation in December 2006. This plan was subsequently reviewed by the FWS.

Wild birds will receive special focus at a plaza to be developed on the western side of the bridge, near the headquarters of the Midwest regional office of the National Park Service.

"The city of Omaha, in conjunction with the FWS, has agreed to use the pedestrian bridge project to highlight the Missouri River environment and its endangered species," Foster said in an email. "One of the approaches likely to be used is the creation of 'play creatures' based upon river related endangered species: the Least Tern, Piping Plover and Pallid Sturgeon. The project will likely construct models or statues of these species and encourage children of all ages to climb and play on the 'river critters.'

The bridge approaches will include other educational elements designed to acquaint people with the environment of the Missouri River and its fish and wildlife."

Meetings are being held with the Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service and other agencies to develop environmental education exhibits to be placed at either end of the bridge, Foster said.

[View of the setting for the Omaha Pedestrian Bridge]

Aerial depiction of the Omaha Pedestrian Bridge setting. Image courtesy of the mayor's office, City of Omaha.

Subjects for these elements will likely include the riverine habitats used by the Bald Eagle and pallid sturgeon, the "tremendous loss" of cottonwood forest habitat on the river floodplain, riverine habitats used by the Least Tern and Piping Plover, native species that occur along the Missouri River corridor, and what the public can do to prevent further loss of habitats used by these species, according to preliminary information given in the environmental assessment for the project. The impact of the extensive channelization of the river may be an additional subject for this kiosk.

The specific content has not yet been determined. "We are trying to think outside the box" for these educational elements, Foster explained.

Part of the mitigation plan for the project construction requires a 3:1 replacement of the approximately 70 cottonwood trees removed during the construction phase, according to the environmental assessment.

The pedestrian bridge is expected to open in November 2008.

The Missouri River valley is an important migratory corridor, and breeding area used by more than 300 wild bird species during the past ten years, according to a compilation of sighting records by numerous observers.

UNL Campus Birdlist Reaches 100 Species

By James Ed. Ducey

A sighting of Purple Martins foraging for bugs above the home stadium of the former Bugeaters has increased the birdlist for the University of Nebraska-Lincoln city campus to 100 species.

The bug-eating martins were seen on July 29th, foraging and calling in the airspace of Memorial Stadium. The species does not nest on campus.

The most commonly noted species noted during regular surveys in 2007 have been the Mourning Dove, Blue Jay, European Starling, Northern Cardinal, Common Grackle, House Finch and House Sparrow. The Spotted Towhee and White-throated Sparrow are autumn to spring residents.

From 20-25 species can be seen on a typical June day around the campus.

Species which have been noted as breeding this season include the American Robin, Barn Swallow, Blue Jay, Common Grackle, European Starling, Gray Catbird, House Finch, House Sparrow, Mourning Dove, Northern Cardinal and Western Kingbird.

Only a small population of Chimney Swifts occur on the campus: near Architecture Hall and Love Hall, older buildings which have chimneys suitable for use.

Waterfowl are represented by the Canada Goose, a common species in the region that are seen flying over at roof-top level. The White-fronted Goose and Turkey Vultures also occur in the campus airspace.

Mallard fowl, mostly drakes, occur in the relict, cement-lined creek on the east side of campus. It is not apparent how their occurrence will change once a new creek channel is built in association with the Joint Antelope Valley Authority project. The channel features, as shown by the conditions of the newly constructed channel near Devaney Stadium, are much more barren than the setting that will continue for a short time longer near the north and east of the Abel-Sandoz dormitories.

There is a marked dearth of cavity-dwelling species on City Campus. Despite the numerous trees present among the urban campus landscape, only the Downy Woodpecker is commonly observed. The Northern Flicker is seen only occasionally. The Red-headed Woodpecker was last noted in 1909, recorded as a specimen. The Red-bellied Woodpecker has not been seen at all, though this and the latter species are regular residents elsewhere in Lincoln. Also notably not present are the Black-capped Chickadee and the White-breasted Nuthatch which has been noted only once in 2002.

Campus landscaping regularly removes older trees which would provide the arboreal cavities utilized as roosting or breeding places by these species.

More than one-half of the species noted for the campus are a result of research specimens collected as a result of a bird striking a window and its subsequent demise.

The Gray-cheeked Thrush was also noted in 1915, as a window strike specimen.

The following table indicates the number of times each species has been noted on campus. Most species records for 2007 are for observations made during regular bird surveys. This list is based on about 1400 observation records, about half previous to 2007 and known from research collection specimens at the University of Nebraska State Museum.

Species Name

1969

'71

'74

'76

'77

'82

'85

'87

'88

'89

'90

'91

'92

'93

'94

'95

'96

'97

'98

'99

2000

'01

'02

'03

'04

'06

'07

Greater White-fronted Goose

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Canada Goose

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Mallard

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

23

Double-crested Cormorant

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

Great Blue Heron

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

5

Green Heron

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Turkey Vulture

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

Sharp-shinned Hawk

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Red-tailed Hawk

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

American Kestrel

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

14

Killdeer

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

6

American Woodcock

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Herring Gull

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Rock Pigeon

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

22

Mourning Dove

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

4

3

- -

- -

- -

32

Black-billed Cuckoo

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Common Nighthawk

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Whip-poor-will

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Chimney Swift

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

19

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Belted Kingfisher

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Red-headed Woodpecker

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Downy Woodpecker

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

16

Northern Flicker

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

5

Least Flycatcher

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

3

Western Kingbird

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

11

Blue-headed Vireo

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

1

Warbling Vireo

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

3

Red-eyed Vireo

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

1

2

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

Blue Jay

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

28

American Crow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

9

Purple Martin

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Cliff Swallow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

4

Barn Swallow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

14

Tufted Titmouse

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Red-breasted Nuthatch

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

White-breasted Nuthatch

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

Brown Creeper

- -

- -

1

- -

1

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

3

2

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

1

- -

- -

1

House Wren

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

1

- -

2

4

- -

1

- -

2

- -

1

2

2

- -

- -

9

Sedge Wren

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Marsh Wren

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

2

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

1

1

1

1

1

- -

- -

1

Veery

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Gray-cheeked Thrush

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Swainson's Thrush

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

5

4

6

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

1

3

- -

- -

- -

5

Hermit Thrush

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

1

- -

- -

4

American Robin

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

6

4

20

2

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

37

Gray Catbird

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

4

1

4

1

6

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

5

- -

- -

- -

- -

17

Brown Thrasher

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

1

4

5

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

4

5

- -

- -

- -

22

European Starling

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

33

Cedar Waxwing

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

15

Golden-winged Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Tennessee Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

5

3

- -

3

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

3

3

- -

- -

- -

3

Orange-crowned Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

4

- -

2

6

- -

3

- -

2

4

9

15

3

- -

- -

5

Nashville Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

1

1

- -

1

5

- -

- -

- -

2

3

6

6

1

- -

- -

- -

Yellow Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

1

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

- -

- -

- -

8

Chestnut-sided Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Magnolia Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Cape May Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Black-throated Blue Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Yellow-rumped Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

5

Black-throated Green Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

Bay-breasted Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Blackpoll Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Black-and-white Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

1

4

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

3

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

American Redstart

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Ovenbird

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

2

2

2

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

4

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

Northern Waterthrush

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

Mourning Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

1

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

4

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

MacGillivray's Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Common Yellowthroat

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

1

- -

1

8

- -

- -

- -

1

2

3

1

- -

- -

1

3

Wilson's Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

3

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

Canada Warbler

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Yellow-breasted Chat

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Spotted Towhee

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

29

Chipping Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

20

Clay-colored Sparrow

- -

3

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

3

1

2

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

5

5

5

2

- -

3

Field Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

9

Grasshopper Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Le Conte's Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Fox Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

Song Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

4

1

2

1

- -

- -

- -

1

4

1

4

- -

- -

- -

2

Lincoln's Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

5

6

6

7

9

- -

- -

- -

2

2

10

11

3

- -

- -

2

Swamp Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

3

1

2

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

3

- -

1

- -

- -

White-throated Sparrow

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

7

2

5

8

6

- -

- -

- -

1

3

2

10

- -

- -

- -

27

Harris's Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

2

1

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

White-crowned Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

3

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

Dark-eyed Junco

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

1

1

3

6

12

10

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

6

5

1

- -

- -

17

Northern Cardinal

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

1

1

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

1

37

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

7

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

Indigo Bunting

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

Common Grackle

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

7

2

2

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

15

- -

- -

- -

- -

30

Brown-headed Cowbird

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

5

Orchard Oriole

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

Baltimore Oriole

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

4

House Finch

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

33

Pine Siskin

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

5

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

American Goldfinch

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

2

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

20

House Sparrow

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

1

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

- -

1

- -

- -

26

There may be additional species for the campus represented by specimens kept at the Life Sciences department, which will not provide any details despite multiple requests.